The Dicto Simpliciter Fallacy Definition and Examples

Dicto Simpliciter is a  fallacy in which a general rule or observation is treated as universally true regardless of the circumstances or the individuals concerned. Also known as the fallacy of sweeping generalization,  unqualified generalization, a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid, and fallacy of the accident (fallacia accidentis). Etymology From the Latin, from a saying without qualification Examples and Observations I know nothing about Jay-Z because (sweeping generalization alert!) hip-hop stopped being interesting in about 1991; Ive never knowingly listened to a Neil Young record all the way through because they all sound like someone strangling a cat (dont they?).(Tony Naylor, In Music, Ignorance Can Be Bliss. The Guardian, Jan. 1, 2008)In discussing people of whom we have little knowledge, we often use dicto simpliciter in the attempt to fix them the attributes of the groups they belong to...Dicto simpliciter  arises whenever individuals are made to conform to group patterns.  If they are treated in tight classes as teenagers, Frenchmen, or traveling salesmen, and are assumed to bear the characteristics of those classes, no opportunity is permitted for their individual qualities to emerge. There are political ideologies which attempt to treat people in precisely this way, treating them only as members of sub-groups in society and allowing them only representation through a group whose va lues they may not, in fact, share.(Madsen Pirie, How to Win Every Argument: The Use and Abuse of Logic, 2nd ed. Bloomsbury, 2015)New York ValuesAt the Republican presidential debate on Thursday, Senator Cruz attacked Donald Trump, one of his rivals for the party’s nomination, by saying darkly that he represented New York values.Asked to define the term, Senator Cruz offered a sweeping generalization for 8.5 million city dwellers.Everybody understands that the values in New York City are socially liberal and pro-abortion and pro-gay marriage, he said. And focus on money and the media. (Mark Santora, New Yorkers Quickly Unite Against Cruz After New York Values Comment. The New York Times, January 15, 2016)Everybody Should ExerciseDicto Simpliciter means an argument based on an unqualified generalization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore everybody should exercise.I agree, said Polly earnestly. I mean exercise is wonderful. I mean it builds the body and everything.Polly, I said gently. The argument is a fallacy. Exercise is good is an unqualified generalization. For instance, if you have heart disease, exercise is bad, not good. Many people are ordered by their doctors not to exercise. You must qualify the generalization. You must say exercise is usually good, or exercise is good for most people. Otherwise, you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. Do you see?No, she confessed. But this is marvy. Do more! Do more!(Max Shulman, The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, 1951)The Stork With One LegAn amusing example of arguing a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid is contained in the following story told by Boccaccio in the Decameron: A servant who was roasting a stork for his master was prevailed upon by his sweetheart to cut off a leg for her to eat. When the bird came upon the table, the master desired to know what had become of the other leg. The man answered that storks never had more than one leg. The master, very angry, but determined to strike his se rvant dumb before he punished him, took him next day into the fields where they saw some storks, standing each on one leg, as storks do. The servant turned triumphantly to his master; on which the latter shouted, and the birds put down their other legs and flew away. Ah, sir, said the servant, you did not shout to the stork at dinner yesterday: if you had done so, he would have shown his other leg too. (J. Welton, A Manual of Logic. Clive, 1905) More Info Deduction and InductionLogical FallacyTop 12 Logical Fallacies

Violence in Sports - an Ethical Perspective - 2376 Words

Violence in sport has become far too commonplace. Aggressive sports such as football and hockey involve many aggressive tactics; however far too often do these aggressive tactics become overshadowed by deliberate acts of violence with the intent to cause bodily harm to an opponent. Many professional and non-profession athletes, as well as coaches, have adapted the mentality that winning is the common goal that all who participate in sport strive for and therefore feel that engaging in violent acts while competing should be permitted in achieving this goal. In sport winning is what each athlete strives for and seemingly they will consign in harmful acts of violence to achieve their goal. Former Boston Bruins player David Forbes was quoted â€Å"†¦show more content†¦For an athlete to be above the law simply because he or she is an athlete is irrational. However, â€Å"the public has gotten fed up with athletes crossing the violent lines, both on and off the court, and that may contribute to police entering the sanctuary†, (Lapchick, 2000 p.1). If indeed the police begin to get involved when acts of violence are performed by athletes on and off the court, violence and physical aggression may not be as commonplace in the future as they are today. Irrational as it may be for sport to have its own sanctuary atmosphere in terms of the legal system, we as a society must question why we ultimately allow for this to occur. During the 2003- 2004 National Hockey League season Todd Bertuzzi of the Vancouver Canucks viciously attacked unsuspecting Colorado Avalanche forward Steve Moore. The attack left Moore with a broken neck which ultimately ended his NHL career. Although Bertuzzi was suspended for the remainder of the season and his team was fined $250,000 no criminal charges were laid. One can only wonder how an unprovoked attack on an unsuspecting victim which ultimately ended a career due to a broken neck cannot be treated as a criminal offense. The Bertuzzi incident is an ideal example which illustrates how our society allows professional athletes to advocate themselves above the law. The problem of violence in sport can be discussed using the sub branches of the Social Conflict Theory of sociology. 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Work Priorities In Professional Development -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Work Priorities In Professional Development? Answer: Introducation Managing personal work and avoiding distractions from other activities can be challenging to every individual. In most cases adapting personal work when a conflicting factor arises within the work environment can be challenging. The best way to manage work is to ensure that there are flexible sessions between different shifts in work. Personally, I believe that some distractions cannot be postponed for long and have to interfere with ones work. Situations like emergencies can be handled using a flexible work plan that allows time to attend to such distractions during breaks. Factors that contributed to distraction are digital and personal, where digital factors arise from the need to use digital devices for personal purposes like social media to keep in touch with the outside world (Winter, et al., 2010, p. 74). Human factors are caused by the people who may require attention thus distracting work. To manage such situations, I restructured my work plan and allocated time for attendin g to such issues. This allows me to concentrate and wait for the expected time to work on them. To meet the needs of the operating and those of customers, Smith (2013, pp. 5) suggests that developing an accommodative work plan is the best way to balance time amongst existing activities. Every individual gets distracted but organized people can allocate time for every activity that they plan to engage in based on the strength of the activity. One way to meet organizational requirements is use of objectives and standards. Standards can be used to determine how every activity will be used to meet the required objectives. On the other hand, objectives are used to set indicators for measuring output and determining challenges that may have been faced. This allows time for every activity thus minimizing such distractions. Once activities have been allocated time, the next thing is to ensure that proper standards are followed to minimize errors and inefficiencies. My performance at work is impressive since I develop a work plan for all the activities that have to be done during the day. Markos Sridevi (2010, p. 91) suggests that such plans assist in quantifying the amount time to be spent on one activity and ensuring that human resources management are allocated according to the weight. Work plans have standards and objectives set based on organizational requirements to ensure that every activity that I engage in is in line with the overall goal of the organization. I use the indicators to determine the level of performance of each activity in line with the general goal. This allows me to balance between all the activities that I have and ensuring that I work on one task at a time (Baumruk Gorman, 2006). At the end of the day, I have a checklist that I use to confirm how I have performed during the day and how I can improve and make it better. Through flagging errors, points of distraction and wastes, I can increase efficiency at work. Furth er, I seek recommendations from my colleagues who assist in analyzing my work plan and achievements to identify points of improvement. With this, I can improve my work every day and develop new ways that can be used to increase performance. References Baumruk, R. Gorman, B., 2006. Why managers are crucial to increasing engagement. s.l.:Melcrum Publishing. Markos, S. Sridevi, S., 2010. Employee Engagement: The Key to Improving Performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), pp. 89-97. Smith, J., 2013. How To Avoid Distractions In The Workplace. Forbes, 20 June. Winter, J., Cotton, D., Gavin, J. Yorke, J. D., 2010. Effective e-learning? Multi-tasking, distractions and boundary management by graduate students in an online environment. ALT-J, Research in Learning Technology, 18(1), pp. 71-83.